Sejm (lower house) votes as of 100% votes counted):
- Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Right) - 35,38%
- Koalicja Obywatelska (Centre) - 30,70%
- Trzecia Droga (Centre-Right) - 14,40%
- Nowa Lewica (Centre-Left) - 8,61%
- Konfederacja (Far Right) - 7,16%
Up to date results: https://wybory.gov.pl/sejmsenat2023/pl/sejm/wynik/pl
Sejm (lower house) seats as of 100% votes counted:
- Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Right) - 194
- Koalicja Obywatelska (Centre) - 157
- Trzecia Droga (Centre-Right) - 65
- Nowa Lewica (Centre-Left) - 26
- Konfederacja (Far Right) - 18
Democratic opposition gets 248/460 seats, safe majority but not enough to counter presidential veto.
D’Hondt calculator via: https://danieljanus.pl/wybory2023/
Senat (upper house) as of 100% votes counted:
- Senate pact*: 66
- PiS: 34
* First past the post system is used in the upper house elections. Senate pact is an informal coalition of all democratic opposition parties where they agree on a single candidate per voting district.
IIRC, the map of voting tendencies in Poland echoes the map of the partitions of Poland, with the parts that had been under Russian rule before WW1 leaning more towards authoritarian autocracy than the parts that had been under Prussian and Austrian rule. Presumably some form of cultural transmission of attitudes to power would be the root cause.
Old divisions maybe relevant, but it’s not so simple. For example, greatest PiS % in SE corner is on the Austrian side of that division. Also, [grand]parents of many people in western poland moved there from the easternmost areas which became Ukraine and Belarus after the war. I’m told catholicism is relevant, and Austrian empire was catholic, but that included Czechia which became the least religious country. I think a plot of PiS vote vs altitude would show a good correlation…
A correlation between altitude and political illiberality has been noted elsewhere, and it has been speculated that it’s due to more diverse areas tending to be more liberal, and ports and market cities tending to be more diverse, so that is probably part of it.